高养分液体复合肥料的生产工艺

随着我国叶面喷施和灌溉技术特别是滴灌技术的应用,液体复合肥得到迅速发展。研究以聚磷酸铵、尿素-硝铵含氮溶液为配制液体复合肥料的基础肥料来源,添加钾肥、磷肥、除草剂、杀虫剂等生产高养分含量液体复合肥的原料选择、工艺流程及工艺指标。     

顶空气相色谱法测定膨化大枣中的亚硫酸盐含量

采用顶空气相色谱法测定了膨化大枣中的亚硫酸盐含量。将粉碎样品放入500mL顶空瓶中,加入浓盐酸,在40℃恒温水浴中反应10min,亚硫酸盐在酸性条件下转化为SO2气体,取顶空气体进行气相色谱分析。通过测定气相中二氧化硫的含量,间接测定样品中的亚硫酸盐含量。本方法具有操作简便、快速、准确,灵敏度高等优点。实验结果的相对标准偏差为1.65%。     

过硫酸铵防结块的研究

分析过硫酸铵防结块的原因，选择１０多种表面活性剂进行实验，观察包覆效果，以吸湿率的测定选出较好的防结剂。     

由粗氧化锌制备纳米活性氧化锌的研究

采用碳酸氢铵法由粗氧化锌制备纳米活性氧化锌。研究了用碳酸氢铵法由粗氧化锌制备活性氧化锌的热力学、中间体碱式碳酸锌的主要组成和碱式碳酸锌热分解的温度对形貌的影响;考察了中间体碱式碳酸锌的热分解温度和时间对纳米活性氧化锌的纯度、白度、比表面积和表观密度的影响。碱式碳酸锌焙解生成纳米活性氧化锌适宜的温度和时间分别为600℃和1h时,产品中氧化锌的质量分数为97.6%,粒度<100nm,比表面积50m2/g,表观密度0.21g/cm3。     

Novel method for preparation of quaternary ammonium ionomer from epoxidized styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer and its use as compatibilizer for blending of styrene–butadiene–styrene and chlorosulfonated polyethylene

A novel method for the preparation of a quaternary ammonium ionomer of styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) was developed by a ring‐opening reaction of epoxidized SBS with triethylamine hydrochloride in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. The optimum conditions were studied. The ionomer was characterized by quantitative analysis, IR spectroscopy, and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy. Its water absorbency, oil absorbency, dilute solution viscosity, and use as a compatibilizer for the blending of SBS and chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE) were investigated. The results showed that, under optimum conditions, the epoxy groups can be completely converted to the quaternary ammonium groups. The IR spectrum did not exhibit the absorption peak for quaternary ammonium groups, whereas the ¹H‐NMR spectrum and titration method demonstrated it. With increasing ionic group content, the water absorbency of the ionomer increased whereas its oil absorbency decreased. These indicated the amphiphilic character of the SBS ionomer. The dilute solution viscosity of the ionomer in toluene/methanol (9/1) solvent increased with increasing quaternary ammonium group content. The ionomer was used as a compatibilizer for the blends of SBS and CSPE. The addition of a small amount of the ionomer to the blend enhanced the mechanical properties of the blends: 2 wt % ionomer based on the blend increased the tensile strength and ultimate elongation of the blend nearly 2 times. The blends of equal parts SBS and CSPE behaved as oil‐resistant thermoplastic elastomers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1975–1980, 2006     

Ammonium complex of niobium as a precursor for the preparation of Nb2O5/Al2O3 catalysts

Ammonium oxalate complex of niobium was investigated as an aqueous precursor for the preparation of x% Nb₂O₅/Al₂O₃ (x=5, 10, 20 and 30 wt.%) samples. Catalysts with the same Nb₂O₅ contents were also prepared from the traditional niobium oxalate/oxalic acid aqueous solution. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), infrared spectroscopy of chemisorbed pyridine and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A comparison with the preparation method using the niobium oxalate salt was performed. The results showed that the niobium precursor influence the species growing leading to phases with different reducibility. The XPS revealed the presence of multilayers of niobium oxide on the Nb₂O₅/Al₂O₃ samples prepared by using niobium ammonium oxalate complex, while the ones obtained from niobium oxalate led to Nb₂O₅ particles islands. The addition of niobium oxide decreased the fraction of Lewis acid sites and increased the fraction of Brønsted acid sites, independent of the precursor salt. However, the creation of BAS was more pronounced on the Nb₂O₅/Al₂O₃ samples prepared from niobium oxalate.     

高分子型阳离子抗静电剂性质的研究

设计合成了聚丙烯酰胺季铵盐类的抗静电剂。当高聚物的溶液浓度为1．44％，涤纶织物在25℃、RH66％的半衰期为0秒．静电压为0KV，15次水洗后半衰期为1．7秒，静电压为0．35KV。研究结果表明：这种阳离子型高聚物具有优良的抗静电性和耐水洗性。     

十六烷基二甲基(2-亚硫酸)乙基铵生物降解及协同阻垢缓蚀效应

采用微生物摇床法、静态阻垢法和旋转挂片失重法对十六烷基二甲基（2-亚硫酸）乙基铵的生物降解性及与阻垢缓蚀剂的协同阻垢、缓蚀性进行了研究。结果表明，十六烷基二甲基（2-亚硫酸）乙基铵具有较好的生物降解性，与常用阻垢缓蚀剂复配有协同增效作用。     

亚硫酸盐法制浆废液的接枝共聚改性研究

首次报道了亚硫酸盐法制浆废液与丙烯酸类单体的接枝共聚改性反应。提出影响改性反应的主要因素是过氧化氢引发剂的用量,研究表明合适的引发剂用量为废液固体物干重的2.5%～3.0%。同时,随着接枝共聚反应中单体用量的提高,改性产物的粘度逐步提高。由于所生成基团的亲水性不同,在相同单体用量下,丙烯酰胺(AM)单体改性产物的粘度要高于丙烯酸(AA)单体改性产物。二元接枝共聚改性研究表明,随着AM单体用量比例的提高,产物的粘度也逐步上升。     

亚硫酸盐电镀金-钴合金工艺的研究

研究了亚硫酸盐电镀金-钴合金工艺,并对镀液和镀层的性能进行测试.结果表明,镀液分散能力和深镀能力良好,镀层呈金黄色外观,结合力好,耐蚀性好,钴与金的共沉积提高了硬度,节约了黄金,镀层适宜做装饰性镀层.